The difference between current transformer (CT) and voltage transformer

Current transformer (CT) is a special instrument transformer that operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Its secondary winding proportionally senses a secondary current that is strictly proportional to the primary circuit current. The core function of this device is to linearly convert the main circuit large current into a standard small current.

Function

Current transformer

Current measurement: Convert high voltage/high current to low voltage/low current for easy instrument measurement.
Circuit protection: Monitor current anomalies and trigger protection devices.

 

Voltage transformer

Voltage reduction principle: Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the high voltage on the primary side is converted into the standard low voltage on the secondary side according to a fixed transformation ratio through core coupling.
Accuracy guarantee: It provides a measurement accuracy of 0.1%~0.5%, meeting the high-precision requirements of scenarios such as power metering and relay protection.

 

Core Design:

Current transformer: Core optimized for linear operation under varying currents, prone to saturation if the secondary is open-circuited.

VT/PT: Core designed for minimal losses at rated voltage, sensitive to overvoltage saturation.

 

Impedance & Burden:

Current transformer: Low impedance; accuracy affected by secondary burden (impedance). Excessive burden causes saturation.

Voltage transformer: High impedance; accuracy impacted by connected load (burden). High burden leads to voltage drop.

 

Applications:

Current transformer: Used in metering, overcurrent protection, and relay operations (e.g., circuit breakers, energy meters).

Voltage transformer: Used for voltage measurement, synchronizing generators, and protective relaying requiring voltage inputs.

 

The key function of a Current Transformer differing from a Voltage Transformer is to step down high current values to an equivalent lower level compatible with standard ammeter inputs.

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